Business Law Essential Terminology

商法基本术语

Court System (法院系统)

Court
法庭
Place where legal matters are decided
决定法律事务的地方
High Court of Australia
澳大利亚高等法院
Highest court in Australia
澳大利亚最高法院
Federal Court
联邦法院
Court dealing with federal matters
处理联邦事务的法院
Supreme Court
最高法院
Highest court in a state
州内最高法院
District Court
区域法院
Mid-level court
中级法院
Magistrate
地方法院
Lower court for less serious matters
处理不太严重事务的低级法院
Jurisdiction
司法权
Power to make legal decisions in a specific area
在特定区域作出法律决定的权力
Appeal
申诉
Request to higher court to review decision
请求高级法院复审决定

Government and Law-making (政府与立法)

Parliament
议会
Law-making body
立法机构
Constitution
宪法
Fundamental law of a country
国家的基本法律
Commonwealth
联邦
Federal government of Australia
澳大利亚联邦政府
Legislature
立法机关
Branch that makes laws
制定法律的部门
Law-making
法律制定,立法
Process of creating laws
创建法律的过程
Law-enforcing
法律实施,行政
Process of implementing laws
实施法律的过程
Law-interpreting
法律解释,司法
Process of explaining what laws mean
解释法律含义的过程
Amend
修改
Change a law
改变法律
Execute
执行
Carry out a law
执行法律

Federation and Powers (联邦与权力)

Separation of power
分权
Division of government into branches
政府分为不同部门
Section 109
第109条
Constitution section about inconsistent laws
关于法律不一致的宪法条款
Prevail
优先的
Take precedence over
优先于
Invalid
无效的
Not legally binding
没有法律约束力
Commonwealth law
联邦法
Law made by federal parliament
由联邦议会制定的法律
State law
州法律
Law made by state parliament
由州议会制定的法律
Concurrent power
共同权力
Powers shared by federal and state governments
联邦和州政府共享的权力
Residual power
剩余权力
Powers held only by states
仅由州持有的权力
Exclusive power
联邦专属权力
Powers held only by federal government
仅由联邦政府持有的权力